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Background and Objectives: The effects of COVID-19 on surgical practice are extensive and include modifications to perioperative practice and ways of working, workforce and staffing difficulties, procedural prioritization, intraoperative viral transmission risk, and surgical training and education. There is a lack of information about the way this pandemic has impacted medical professionals because of surgical practice. Aims and Objectives: The current study's goal was to determine the dispersion of COVID 19 through patients to healthcare professionals utilising PPE during emergency surgeries. Material(s) and Method(s): The study was conducted as a hospital based retro prospective observational study at the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and hospital of central India. After receiving institutional ethical committee permission and the informed written consent, 36 patients receiving emergency surgeries during COVID-19 Era and 109 health care professionals involved in patient care were evaluated for the onset of any COVID 19 symptom for 5 days postoperatively. All the data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 26. Result(s): Among these 36 emergency surgeries patients, 86.1% (n=31) had COVID positive report during admission, mostly had complain of respiratory symptoms. Out of 16 COVID positive health workers, 81.25% (n=13) suffered from respiratory symptoms, 43.75% (n=7) had G.I symptoms and 12.50% (n=2) were asymptomatic. Analysis showed a positive relation between COVID positive status and depression in health care professionals (p=0.028). Out of 93 COVID negative health care workers involved in emergency surgeries, 90.32 % (n=84) were asymptomatic. Only 9.67% (n=9) health care workers had respiratory symptoms and 2.1% (n=2) had gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion(s): The current study may aid in the development of mitigation measures to enhance mental well-being, as well as the identification of factors of poor mental state and therapies to treat people suffering from a mental condition. Postoperative assessments in a digital environment on an individual basis allow team members to voice their worries and comments to the system as a mitigating technique. Evidence-based training and education for HCWs on pandemic preparation has been shown to be critical for improving hospital staff expertise, abilities, and mental well-being during a pandemic.Copyright © 2023, Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Intro: It is hypothesized that metagenomics could contribute to the effective sentinel surveillance of emerging infections to identify plausible cause of respiratory symptoms in the population. Method(s): This study forms part of a longitudinal household cohort study involving the collection of respiratory symptoms and vaccination history in Hong Kong. As a pilot, selected households were provided with swab collection kit for collecting nasopharyngeal and throat samples when there was an influenza-like illness (ILI) during a 4-month presumptive period of the year's winter influenza season. Sequence-Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) and nanopore metagenomic sequencing were performed. After basecalling, demultiplexing, and quality filtering, taxonomic classification was done. Unclassified and host reads were removed and only taxon with over 0.1% abundance were included in the analysis. Finding(s): Between December 2021 and April 2022, of 101 collection kits delivered, 36 (36%) participants returned the samples. Two (6%) had previous COVID-19 diagnosis and almost all (97%) received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Metagenomics sequencing was performed on 13 samples collected from participants when ILI was present. Of the 1,592,219 reads obtained, 5308 taxa were identified and 136 had over 0.1% abundance, including 128 bacteria, 6 fungi, and 1 virus, which was a bacteriophage. The five most abundant genera of bacteria included Neisseria (19%), Streptococcus (10%), Haemophilus (9%), Veillonella (3%), and Rothia (3%). Haemophilus parainfluenzae was the most abundant species with 97,542 (6%) reads, followed by Neisseria meningitides (5%). Other bacteria identified included Rothia mucilaginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Lautropia mirabilis, Veillonella atypica, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus pneumonia. Inter-participant abundance profile was significantly different (p<0.001). Conclusion(s): The absence of viral infections identified echoed the extremely low proportion (3/21986, or 0.01%) of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza virus by the government laboratory during the same period. The metagenomic profile could be useful for identifying the likely ILI-causing pathogen.Copyright © 2023
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased caregiver workload [1]. It is unclear how this workload is distributed across patients with varying presentations. Ambient intelligence (AmI) utilizes neural networks to monitor multiple data points in video feeds, and automatically tracks various aspects of human movement [2]. AmI was used to examine the workload of healthcare staff in relation to temporal and patient characteristics on a COVID ward at a major metropolitan hospital. Method(s): Sensors were deployed in patient rooms on a COVID ward to detect caregiver visits at 5-min intervals. Electronic medical records were used to identify variables hypothesized to contribute to visits. Result(s): 5514 h across 55 patients (mean age 72, range 17-98) were analyzed. The primary reason for admission was medical in 45 cases (81.8%), psychiatric in 8 cases (14.5%) and surgical in 2 cases (3.6%). Medical emergency (MET) calls occurred in 21 (38.2%) cases. As summarized in Fig. 1, visitation was lowest between 0000 and 0400 (27.3 +/- 1.1 min/hour (min/hr)) and highest between 1200 and 1600 (65.5 +/- 1.3 min/hr). The mean +/- SE visitation spent with medical, psychiatric, and surgical patients was 51.7 +/- 0.6, 38.8 +/- 1.3, and 33.7 +/- 3.9 min/hr respectively (p < 0.005). Overall lowest visitation was in surgical patients between 0400 and 0800 (4.5 +/- 4.5 min/hr). Mean +/- SE visitation were 66.7 +/- 4.6 min/hr in the three hours preceding and following MET calls compared to 50.2 +/- 0.5 min/hr in periods without MET calls (p < 0.005). There was no difference in visitation time between patients with respiratory symptoms and those without (50.7 +/- 0.9 vs 48.8 +/- 0.7 min/hr, p = 0.1). Conclusion(s): AmI can help quantify patient workload, potentially improving staff planning. Further studies comparing healthcare attendance between patients on COVID wards and non-COVID wards may provide insight into the impact of unique factors associated with the pandemic.
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The effectiveness of Ribavirin was evaluated by the certainty of disease severity reduction and the coefficient of therapeutic action of drugs at the peak of the pathological process calculated by the following indicators: accumulation of the virus in the lungs, lung damage degree reduction, reduction observed in the severity of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of white blood, as well as the severity of changes in biochemical blood parameters. Ribavirin is most effective when used according to the emergency prevention regimen at a dose of 20 mg/kg (therapeutic action coefficient - 70%);at a dose of 40 mg/kg according to the therapeutic and prophylactic regimen (therapeutic action coefficient - 60%). Increasing the dose of Ribavirin did not contribute to the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug.Copyright © 2020 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
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Background: COVID-19 has changed medical practice nowadays. One of the biggest concerns has been establishing when invasive procedures such as surgery, GI endoscopy or bone marrow transplant are safe;and if it is necessary to consider screening for asymptomatic patients. Method(s): We identified asymptomatic patients that were scheduled for invasive procedures from May 2020 to April 2021 at Clinica de Marly. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire about GI and upper respiratory symptoms and contact with possible/confirmed cases of COVID- 19 in the last 15 days. Patients taken to emergency procedures, who had symptoms or contact with probable/confirmed cases in the last 15 days were excluded. rt-PCR was performed to screen COVID-19. Result(s): A total of 1837 patients were included. 104 rt-PCRs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, leading to a 5.66% of identified asymptomatic patients. Patients were followed-up on the 30th day after the procedure. 1733 negative patients responded to our follow-up, in which only 1 death and 2 complications were detected. 102 positive patients were followed-up and no complications or deaths were reported. Conclusion(s): We found the presence of 5.66% of asymptomatic patients with positive rt-PCR for COVID-19. Safe screening will decide if these invasive interventions can be postponed, or, if the benefit outweighs the risks.Copyright © 2022 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved.
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The process of eliminating viral infection and massive control from spreading furthermore by any variants may lead to a pandemic in the near future. On the other aspect, the impact of eradicating by the initial stage to prevent, treat carcinoma to decline the affected and death rate to maximum amount by Molecular Docking. The quickest and easiest method to search out the potential drugs is by analyzing the ligand-protein interactions compared to the traditional ways. Drugs of antivirals and anti-cancer drugs are given for treating viral infections and cancers. Massive kinds of viruses affect humans with several diseases, from self-curable diseases to acute mortal diseases. In cancer, the diseases are known by the cells within humans;multiplication occurs and forming the tumors of malignant cells with the flexibility to be a pathological process. Herbal medicines are known to play enormous role by giving initial priority. Various plant species are being employed to cure or prevent viral infections and cancers. Molecular docking provides a fast understanding of the ligand's exploration of conformations, poses among drug targets' binding sites, and predicts the binding affinity of protein-ligand. Its main approach is to spot top-ranked conformations on compounds and means of docking to the active site of target of interest. Intake of naturally suggested fruits and vegetables leads to the goal of decreasing the death rate, and the count of females who are liable to breast cancers.Copyright All © 2023 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.
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Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant challenge for public health and clinical medicine. COVID-19 mainly impairs the respiratory tract. However, gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. Although acute viral pancreatitis has been described in other viral infections, pancreatic involvement in SARS-CoV-2 disease is still poorly defined. We reported a case of acute maternal pancreatitis in an early postpartum period woman with confirmed COVID-19. Case Presentation: A 31-year-old woman in term pregnancy had a caesarean section due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. One day after surgery, her stomach appeared bloated, bowel sounds were weak, and her abdominal circumference increased. Ultrasound examination did not reveal any suspicion of bleeding or hematoma. Her abdominal contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan showed small bowel obstruction and oedematous pancreas. Amylase levels increased to 382 units/litre and lipase levels to 724 units/litre. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were also increased. The diagnosis of sepsis was made, and she received broad-spectrum antibiotics and treatment for the COVID-19 infection. Recovery was characterized by a gradual resolution of abdominal and pulmonary signs and symptoms. A decline of amylase and lipase was observed by the tenth day. On the 13th day, she was extubated and gradually recovered from respiratory symptoms, with a negative result for COVID-19 RT-PCR. Based on this case, we consider that pregnancy and COVID-19 support each other as the cause of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion(s): Early diagnosis and severity classification are essential steps for successful management because late recognition and treatment may allow a greater prevalence of associated complications.Copyright © 2022, Philippine College of Physicians. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To identify which induced the symptoms/signs and laboratory abnormal findings occurred in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, by disease itself or by ribavirin and interferon-alpha treatments, through mining the adverse events (AEs) signals of the 2 antivirus agents. Method(s): According to the symptoms/signs and laboratory abnormal findings of novel coronavirus pneumonia mentioned in the literature and "Diagnosis and Treatment scheme of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 5)", AEs in this study were selected. Related data were collected from the U.S. FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FARES) from Jan 1, 2004 to Dec 31, 2019, and the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method was used for signals detection for the above-mentioned 2 drugs. Result(s): A total of 7 582 463 AEs related to drugs were reported in the FAERS database, of which 31 775 related to ribavirin and 2 345 related to interferon-alpha. The results showed that AEs related to ribavirin in respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders were nasal congestion, cough, laryngeal pain, pharyngeal oedema, productive cough, and dyspnoea;AEs related to interferon-alpha were laryngeal pain and haemoptysis. In other system organ class, AEs related to above 2 drugs were pyrexia, feeling cold, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and rash. AEs of laboratory abnormal results related to ribavirin were white blood cell/platelet count decrease and aspartate/alanine aminotransferase increase;AEs related to interferon-alpha were white blood cell/platelet count decrease, aspartate/alanine aminotransferase increase, and lymphocyte count decrease. Conclusion(s): Some AEs induced by ribavirin and interferon-alpha were similar to symptoms/signs and laboratory abnormal findings of novel coronavirus pneumonia, which should be distinguished in the clinical practice.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Introduction & Objectives: The frequency of involvement in the oncological process of the ureters in case of pelvis tumors ranges from 15 to 20%. The use of the appendix as a plastic material for the reconstruction of extended ureteral defects (EUD), including left-sided ones, remains debatable. The main goal of this study is evaluating the clinical and functional results after EUD repair using patchy transposition of the appendix. Material(s) and Method(s): Since August 2019 to June 2021, 8 laparoscopic surgeries were performed to replace the EUD using flap transposition of the appendix. Of these, 6 on the left (75%), 2 on the right (25%). 7 women (87.5%) and 1 man (12.5%) were operated on. Mean age 53+/-10.6 years. Average BMI 25.9 kg/m2. Etiology EUD: 25% radiotherapy (n2), 50% iatrogenic surgery (n4), 12.5% (n1) primary ureteral cancer, 12.5% (n1) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In all cases, the first stage was a wide mobilization of the ileocecal angle, the appendix was disconnected with a 45 mm hardware suture, in case of left-sided lesion, the appendix was moved isoperistaltically under the mesentery of the sigmoid colon to the left side after preliminary maximum mobilization of the process on the vascular pedicle in the form of a "triangle". All patients received a 7Fr ureteral stent. CT urography was performed on the 3rd, 7th, 11th days. Dynamic nephroscintigraphy was performed on the 90th day. Result(s): The average length of diastasis is 4.6+/-1.7 cm. The average length of the mobilized appendix was 8+/-1.8 cm. Replacement of the ureter with an appendix and a flap of the bladder according to the Demel method was performed in 1 case (12.5%), according to the Boari method in 1 case (12.5%), in 6 (75%) cases an anastomosis was formed according to the "end-to-end" type. the end". The average duration of the operation was 251+/-40.9 min, blood loss was 121+/-56.7 ml. Median removal of the ureteral stent was 36+/-18.28 days. Duration of hospital stay was 14+/-5.2 days. Median follow-up 10+/-5.3 months. Early complications (<30 days): 2 cases of urinary edema (Clavien-Dindo II), 2 cases of ipsilateral hydronephrosis (Clavien-Dindo I-II). Late complications (>30 days): 1 case of partial failure of ureterocystoanastomosis against the background of Sars-Cov-2 infection (Clavien-Dindo IIIa), 1 case of non-functioning left kidney (Clavien-Dindo IVa). Dynamic nephroscintigraphy was performed in 68.4% of patients, the average isotope accumulation time was 4.23+/-0.25 minutes, the duration of the half-life was 14.26+/-0.52 minutes. Conclusion(s): Flap transposition with the appendix is a technically difficult but possible option for extended ureteral strictures. However, various pathological processes that have developed against the background of previous treatment potentially increase the risk of developing repeated strictures or anastomotic leaks. Therefore, given the small sample of patients, further research on this issue is required.Copyright © 2023.
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The analysis of a clinical case with osteonecrosis of the maxillofacial region, which was a manifestation of a complication of a COVID-19 coronavirus infection, to show the diagnostic capabilities of computed tomography followed by multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. Materials and methods. Clinical observation of patient R. 53 years old is presented, with complaints of pain, painful swelling of the soft tissues of the right suborbital area, painfulness during chewing, which appeared in the early period after COVID-19. The patient was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery where she underwent comprehensive radiological examination to determine the nature of the changes and comprehensive treatment. Results. The diagnosis of osteonecrosis with the progression to the soft tissue suppuration and upper jaw destruction was verified by CT scan and confirmed by surgical intervention. Detection and detailed diagnosis of these changes was facilitated by multispiral computed tomography and 3D reconstructions during the follow-up. Discussion. COVID-19 coronavirus infection can be complicated by necrosis of the skeletal bones, including the jaw, which can be diagnosed with radiology methods. Various radiological methods can be used to diagnose this pathology, but CT scan of the maxillofacial region is the most informative. Conclusion. CT of the skull bones and facial skeleton in patients with osteonecrosis of the maxillofacial region provides complete diagnostic information about the localization and distribution of the lesion, which determines the further tactics of patient management taking into account the detected changes. As a result, timely initiated adequate treatment helped to cope with the progressing protracted pathological process of the maxillofacial region, which was a manifestation of a complication of the recent COVID-19 coronavirus infection.Copyright © 2022 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved.
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Background: Previous data has suggested that shorter telomere length (TL) is associated with higher risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, independent of several major risk factors for COVID-19 including age. Aim(s): We aimed at further exploring the relationship between TL and COVID-19 outcome in hospitalized patients. Method(s): 257 patients with proven COVID-19 infection with or without respiratory symptoms were included. Leucocyte TL was determined using qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in leukocytes collected at the time of hospitalization. Clinical assessment related to disease severity and progress were collected from medical records, hospitalization duration, ventilation, early warning score (EWS) and clinical improvement using the WHO-scores. Result(s): Patients with longer TL at admission had less severe outcomes and a more rapid health improvement. the odds ratios for a 1-SD increment in TL associated with hospitalization duration were 0.58 (95%Cl: 0.46-0.73: P<0.0001) unadjusted and 0.77 (95%Cl:0.59-0.99: P=0.044) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, ethnicity and comorbidities. In men, a 1-SD increment in TL was associated with lower odds (adjusted OR=0.48 95%Cl 0.30-0.77 P=0.0015) to be on ventilation, and with a lower EWS at admission (adjusted s=0.13 95%Cl:0.23-0.02 P=0.024). Finally, a 1-SD increment in TL in men was associated with a stronger decline in disease severity (based on WHOscores) after 30 days post-hospitalization(adjusted s=0.29 95%Cl:0.56-0.03 P=0.029). Conclusion(s): Biological ageing forms an additional risk factor in COVID-19 infected patients to have more disease severity and progression. TL, especially in men, may form a biological basis in these observations.
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Since Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared pandemic in March 2020, there have been 545.226.550 cases up to 4 July 2022 (1). Several studies concluded that patients (pts) with cancer are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, morbidity and mortality. Those undergoing neoadyuvant treatment are at particularly risk of disease progression if chemotherapy or surgery are delayed. Also, is known that a higher NLR (neutrophil to limphocyte ratio) is related to worse outcomes (3). Our hospital is located at the Northwest of Spain and in the last months we noticed a never seen number of infections in cancer population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the severity of COVID19 and its impact on chemotherapy and surgery delay in pts undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer. METHOD(S): We conducted a ambispective, unicenter, observational study of breast cancer pts, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, between March 2020 and May 2022 at University Hospital A Coruna (Spain). We analyzed type of infection, need of hospitalization, chemotherapy and surgical delay, and its association with tumor type;BRCA germline mutation;clinical stage;treatment;vaccination status;and neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR before COVID-19 disease. RESULT(S): During the study period, from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2022, 183 pts underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A total of 23 (12.5%) pts experienced COVID-19 infection, of which 21 were diagnosed between January and May 2022. The median age was 47,91 years [range 33 - 69 years]. Luminal B HER 2 negative comprised the most common molecular subtype (40.9%), followed by Triple Negative (36.4%), Luminal B HER 2 positive (13.6%), and HER 2 enriched (9.1%). Germline mutations in BRCA account for 13.6% pts. At diagnosis, 4.5%, 72.7%, and 22.7% had stages I, II, and III respectively. Chemotherapy treatments included: paclitaxel followed by AdryamicineCyclophosphamide (AC) (45.4%);carboplatin - paclitaxel - trastuzumab - pertuzumab (18,2%);carboplatin - paclitaxel followed by AC (18,2%);KEYNOTE-756: pembrolizumab/placebo - paclitaxel followed by AC (13.7%);and paclitaxel - trastuzumab - pertuzumab followed by myocet - cyclophosphamide - trastuzumab - pertuzumab (4.5%). The association of G-CSF ocurred in 9 pts (40.9%). 22 pts were fully vaccinated, 8 pts (36.4%) with two doses and 13 pts (59.1%) with three doses. 77.3% pts experienced mild respiratory symptoms with 9.1% hospitalizations. The median duration of delays was 15 days for chemotherapy and 29,58 days for surgery. NLR percentil 25 was associated with COVID-19 type of infection. For those pts with a lower rate, infection was asymptomatic and for those with a higher rate symptoms were moderate (X2= 5,119, p = 0,024). CONCLUSION(S): COVID-19 disease become a high prevalent infection in pts undergoing neoadjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. Most pts are fully vaccinated and experienced an indolent infection. NLR is an easily measurable and cost-effective parameter that could be useful as a prognostic marker of severity in COVID-19. We will continue to follow-up these pts to see the impact of chemotherapy or surgery delay in pathological complete response and disease-free survival until the congress in December 2022.
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Introduction: SARS-COV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets. The standard diagnostic procedure is based on a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Aim(s): 1) To develop a safe and easy to perform breath test for the detection of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients based on the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. 2) To differentiate in hospitalised patients with respiratory symptoms those with and without COVID-19. Method(s): We performed a monocenter, cross-sectional, case-control study in 38 subjects (63% males, age 62+/-12.7 yrs) admitted at the pulmonology ward. Breath samples were taken using a home-made sampling system. Analysis of breath samples was performed by proton transfer high resolution mass spectrometry (PTR-HRMS). A lassoregression with leave-one-out cross-validation was performed to differentiate the groups and designate the most differentiating VOCs. Result(s): COVID-19 positive (n=22) and control respiratory patients (n=16) were similar with respect to baseline characteristics, except for lower blood neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and higher ferritin level in COVID+ve patients (p<0.05). Lasso-regression revealed 6 VOCs as potential biomarkers that differentiated between both groups with 84% accuracy, 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value based on PTR-HRMS data. Conclusion(s): Breath analysis could identify a breathprint differentiating between hospitalised COVID-19 and nonCOVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms with a good accuracy. Therefore, VOCs profiling could be integrated in sensors allowing a fast breathalyzer for COVID-19 for large-scale screening.
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Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have reduced seroconversion rates to COVID-19 vaccination. It is unclear whether an impaired immune response in vaccinated IBD patients impacts the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and occurrence of (severe) COVID-19. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection rates and the disease course of COVID-19 in vaccinated IBD patients. Method(s): A systematic literature search was performed for studies which reported SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection rates and/or the disease course of COVID-19 in patients with IBD after COVID-19 vaccination. Primary outcome was the rates of breakthrough infection per time period. In meta-analyses, the pooled relative risk was calculated with a random effects model for vaccinated patients compared to vaccinated controls, to partially vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with IBD. Result(s): A total of 16 studies were included in analysis. The study period ranged from January 2020 to October 2021, and a follow-up time ranges from 3 weeks to 6 months. The breakthrough infection rates range from 0 to 37.4% in IBD patients within the study follow-up time. Strikingly, only studies with vaccination prior to December 2021 showed a breakthrough infection rate above 2%. (Figure 1). The disease course of a breakthrough infection is generally mild, with mild constitutional and respiratory symptoms in 85% of infected IBD patients. Hospitalization and mortality rates are low (0-8.7% and 0-4.3% respectively). Meta-analyses showed a significantly lower pooled relative risk of breakthrough infection for vaccinated as compared to unvaccinated IBD patients (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0.03;0.18). No difference was observed in risk of breakthrough infections between IBD patients and non-IBD controls (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92;1.10), and no difference between vaccinated and partially vaccinated IBD patients (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.38;1.18). The impact of immunosuppressive therapy on breakthrough infection rates differs between studies. One study reported higher breakthrough infection rates for patients treated with infliximab in comparison to vedolizumab (P<.05). Other studies showed no impact on the breakthrough infection rates for immunosuppressive treatment vs no treatment, anti-TNF-alpha/corticosteroids vs without anti- TNF-alpha/corticosteroids and other biologics vs anti-TNF-alpha. Conclusion(s): Vaccination is effective to prevent COVID-19 infections in patients with IBD. Breakthrough infections do occur, but the disease course is generally mild. Available data seem to suggest a declining trend of breakthrough infections during calendar time. Data on the impact of IBD medication on the rate of breakthrough infections and disease course require further elucidation. (Figure Presented).
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The long term consequences of severe COVID-19 in the lungs remain speculative, however interstitial abnormalities in these patients may arise. In this study previously identified fibrotic markers from the BAL were evaluated in PostCOVID-19 patients. 26 patients were referred for evaluation of respiratory symptoms and/or abnormalities on HRCT, on average 5.3 months from the acute disease phase, to the Post COVID-19 clinic. 20 patients showed persistent radiological findings with fibrotic changes and/or altered respiratory function. Bronchoalveolar lavage cellular composition was determined by MGG staining and CD45, CD14, CD11c, CD163 and Osteopontin staining. Airway monocytes were identified by SSClo/CD45+ parameters and surface expression of CD11c, CD14 and CD16 by flow cytometry. FVC% and DLCO% were used as measures of disease severity. Collectively, monocyte percentages in the BAL were associated with lower FVC% (Rs=-0.53,p=0.02). Importantly, patients with DLCO% below 60 showed higher monocyte infiltration (p=0.015). CD14 positivity on monocytes was more pronounced in patients with DLCO% below 60, while CD16 and CD11c were not associated with DLCO. Increased Osteopontin expression in airway macrophages was also linked with lower DLCO% levels (Rs=-0.661, p=0.019), in contrast to CD163 macrophage expression which tended to be higher in patients with higher DLCO%. Neutrophils were negatively associated with DLCO% in Post-COVID-19 patients (Rs=-0.62,p=0.01). Airway immune cell populations from BAL were associated with Post-COVID-19 induced altered respiratory function.
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In December of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 surfaced and the global COVID-19 pandemic began. The pandemic has had far-reaching effects, socially, economically, and especially for healthcare, presenting challenges to patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. Apart from the well-known respiratory, pulmonary, and cardiovascular symptoms that COVID-19 is responsible for, studies continue to show its role in generating neuroinflammation and the different neurological effects that can arise. This review summarizes the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and neuroinflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on the effects on patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. Copyright © 2022, Biolife s.a.s.. All rights reserved.
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In December of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 surfaced and the global COVID-19 pandemic began. The pandemic has had far-reaching effects, socially, economically, and especially for healthcare, presenting challenges to patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. Apart from the well-known respiratory, pulmonary, and cardiovascular symptoms that COVID-19 is responsible for, studies continue to show its role in generating neuroinflammation and the different neurological effects that can arise. This review summarizes the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and neuroinflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on the effects on patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. Copyright © 2022, Biolife s.a.s.. All rights reserved.
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The immune status of patients plays an essential role in COVID-19. Herbal medicine with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect could have potential as a complementary therapeutic along with modern medicine. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory constituents of Curcuma longa (C. longa) and its possible mechanisms in COVID-19. We systematically sorted the biochemical of C. longa rhizome from literature and repository. Next, we investigated targets related to COVID-19 in the selected active phytochemical constituents and analyzed the possible mechanisms against COVID-19 and performed molecular docking with four essential target proteins in COVID-19 for further verification. Ten active phytochemical constituents of C. longa were predicted to interact with four protein targets. The epidermal growth factor was the most interacted protein targeted by Calebin A, curcumin, cyclocurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, turmeronol a, turmeronol b, caffeic acid, and quercetin. Interferon-gamma was performed as the most critical protein targeted by 4-hydroxycinnamic acid. Curcumin was also predicted to interact with toll-like receptor 4 and Ar-turmerone with angiotensin II receptor type 2. We also reported four signaling pathways associated with target proteins-active phytochemical constituents against COVID-19: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, tolllike receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, multi compounds in C. longa might act synergistically against COVID-19 by affecting the inflammatory and immune responses, and other pathological processes through multiple targets and pathways. Copyright © Indradi RB et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious challenge for all humanity. Although most patients develop respiratory symptoms, the neurological manifestations due to central and peripheral nervous system involvement are quite common. Objective of the review. To analyze and systematize current data on the COVID-19 effect on the central and peripheral nervous system. Material and methods. The material for the study was more than 70 papers published between 2019—2022 and indexed in the international databases Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Results. Analysis of the relevant literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and some neurological complications was performed. It was observed that in addition to the respiratory system, SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the muscular system, resulting in neurological disorders. Understanding the pathogenesis of nervous system damage contributes to improved diagnosis of neurological complications. In general, according to the literature, patients with severe new coronavirus infection are prone to neurological complications. Conclusion. Since most studies currently focus on respiratory symptoms, the prevalence of neurological effects of COVID-19 may be underestimated. A detailed analysis of the mechanisms of both central and peripheral nervous system damage is needed.